The Rainforest

Rainforest's are a tropical forest that are found around the earths equator. The rainforest is found in Idonesia, South America and west and central Africa. The average temperatures are about 25-30 degrees. The rainforests are important because they provide homes for animals, plants and human, they also stabilise the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide. However in the 21st century they are under threat because of logging for timber, mining, road building, pasture for cattle ranching, crops and settlements. This essay will be researching 4 statements on the valuable resources that the rainforest offers and if sustainable devlopment can truly be introduced in the rainforest. â€Å"The rainforest is a valuable resource and its preservation is important to us all† The rainforest provides homes for about 70 million people, it also provides habitats for over 50% of the earths species of plants and animals. It also contains many plants which could provide new drugs and medicines in the furture e.g. Curae is a poison on Waorani hunting arrows which we also use as a relaxant in modern surgery. The rainforest also stablise's the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide this also helps reduce the rate of global warming and they reduce soil erosion by intercepting the rainfall and also keep water courses free from sediment. If deforestation was to continue millions of animals and plants would lose their habitats and possibly become extinct. Thousands of indigenous people of the rainforest would lose their homes and their way of life. We would also lose many cures for dieases and medicines that we could discover in the furture. Lots of damage to the climate and the enviorment could also mean that global warming would increase at a quicker rate. â€Å"The indigneous people of the rainforest respond positively to the challenges of their natural enviorment and act as stewards of the forest† Their are about 250 million indigenous people and about 5 thousand tribes, two of the tribes are Maorani and Kayapo. They live of the forest by using it to make food medicines and products to sell to make money such as brazil nuts. The indigenous people should be stewards of the forest because they live there, it is their home and they lived there for thousands of years which gives them historical rights to the Rainforest, they also want to protect it from damage and the dieases people have brought in. â€Å"There are some people who wish to exploit the rainforest. Explotation of the forest has positive and negative effects.† Explotation of the rainforest can be negative and positive. Cattle ranching is positive because it helps feed the countrys own people and they can sell it to other countrys to make money, the negative side of it is the grass that grows in rainforest area is of poor quality and cattle do not thrive, also milk yields tend to be low and after a few years the land is no good. Logging is good because it gets us useful materials such as mahogany, sapele and lauan, which grow no where else in the world, the negative of this is one hactare of rainforest is cut down just to log one mahogany tree. The positive of mining is that we get many good and useful metals such as gold, silver, aluminium, iron ore, copper and zinc. The negative of it is many trees get chopped down and mercury which is used in gold mining causes contamination. Road building does not cause much deforestation but the settlements in its way do get destroyed, it does do a lot of good it allows people to get in and out of the forest easily and quickly. Oil exploration does alot of damage to the forest, many trees have to be chopped down for the pipe lines and disturbs the wild life. The toxic chemicals do alot of contamination to the rivers and soil. the positive of it is oil is a very useful resource. Farming is one of the largest causes of forest loss. Huge plantations of banana and African oil palm now stand where rainforest once did, often farmers form other places who do not the farming techniques needed for forest enviorments, which means the soil soon becomes depleted, requiring further forest to be cleared. Hydro-electric dams are enviormentally friendly but to build them a lot of forest is destroyed. The positive of all these things is that it means money for the devloping countries and also opens up lots of jobs for the local people. The negative of these things is that they all do at least some damage to the rainforest. â€Å"A balance can be achieved between sustained devlopment and conservation of the rainforest† National park areas would make money from visiting tourists and would protect an area of the rainforest. Brazil nut trade is a good way for the indigenous people to make money, they pick them with out harming the trees and then turn them into an oil, which they sell to the body shop and the body shop turns the oil into a conditioner. Rubber tapping is where a liquid called latex is extrated from plantation trees, the latex is then processed to make a solid material called rubber, it is then sold and exported to other countrys. Enviormentally friendly logging is where only the trees that they want are cut down with out damaging the surrounding enviornment. The definition of eco tourism is â€Å"responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.† there are seven principles to this: * Minimize impact * Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect * Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts * Provide direct financial benefits for conservation * Provide financial benefits and empowerment for local people * Raise sensitivity to host countries' political, environmental, and social climate * Support international human rights and labor agreements Eco tourism is something everybody can participate in. Bibliography Bunce-Contexts Arnell-Geography Worksheets given to me by teacher

Positive Degree of Adjectives and Adverbs in English

Positive Degree of Adjectives and Adverbs in English In English  grammar, the positive degree is the basic, uncompared form of an adjective or adverb, as opposed to either the comparative or superlative. Also called the base form  or the absolute degree. The concept of positive degree in the English language is one of the simplest to grasp.    For example, in the phrase the big prize, the adjective big is in the positive degree (the form that appears in a dictionary). The comparative form of big is bigger; the superlative form is biggest. C. Edward Good notes that the raw adjectivein its positive statemerely describes the noun modified; it doesnt care about how this particular person or thing stacks up against other members of the same noun class (Whose Grammar Book Is This Anyway? 2002) Etymology From the Latin, to place Examples and Observations Yertle the turtle was king of the pond.A nice little pond. It was clean. It was neat.The water was warm. There was plenty to eat.(Dr. Seuss,  Yertle the Turtle. Random House, 1958)There were three nice, fat little pigs.  The first was  small, the second was smaller, and the third was the smallest of all.(Howard Pyle, The Three Little Pigs and the Ogre. The Wonder Clock, 1988)It was a large heart with lots of hearts growing smaller inside, and piercing from the outside rim to the smallest heart was an arrow.(Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)Few  things are harder to put up with than the annoyance of a  good  example.(Mark Twain,  Puddnhead Wilson, 1894)The tone of the trombone is allied in quality to that of the French horn. It also possesses a noble and  majestic sound, one that is even larger and rounder than the horns tone.(Aaron Copland,  What to Listen For in Music, 1939)Humanity has advanced, when it has advanced, not because it has been  sober, responsible, and  cautious, but because it has been  playful, rebellious, and  immature.(Tom Robbins, Still Life with Woodpecker. Random House, 1980) Marys parents  traveled far  to trade and to search for food.(Shannon Lowry, Natives of the Far North. Stackpole, 1994)The inspirational value of the space program is probably of far greater importance to education than any input of dollars.(Arthur C. Clarke,  Profiles of the Future: An Inquiry into the Limits of the Possible,1962) Three Degrees to Consider   Adjectives change form to show degree of comparison. There are  three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. . . .The  positive degree  describes one item or one group of items. The positive form is the form used in dictionary definitions. (A.C. Krizan et al., Business Communication, 8th ed. South-Western, Cengage, 2011)Adjectives change form or add more or most to show comparison. Almost all one-syllable adjectives- as well as many of two syllables- add er to their positive (noncomparative) form to show comparison with one thing; this form is called the comparative form. To show  comparison  with two or more things, these adjectives add est; this is called the superlative form. Some two-syllable adjectives and almost all adjectives with three or more syllables show comparison with one item by placing the word more before the adjective; they show comparison with two or more items by placing the word most before the adjective.(Peder Jones and Jay Farness, College Writing Skills, 5th ed. Collegiate Press, 2002) Pronunciation: POZ-i-tiv

PEOPLE and DISASTERS essays

PEOPLE and DISASTERS essays PEOPLE AND THE DISASTERS THEY ARE NOT AFRAID OF FOR YEARS, GEOLOGISTS HAVE BEEN PREDICTING THAT A MAJOR EARTHQUAKE WILL OCCUR IN CALIFORNIA. IN OCTOBER 1989, A 7.1 QUAKE HIT THE SAN FRANCISCO AREA. FIVE YEARS LATER, NORTHRIDGE AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EXPERIENCED AN EARTHQUAKE OF SIMILAR MAGNITUDE. WHY TOO MANY PEOPLE IS STILL COMING TO PLACES LIKE CALIFORNIA WHERE EARTHQUAKES AND NATURAL DISASTERS ARE PREDICTED? IN MY POINT OF VIEW, THESE ARE THE STRONGEST REASONS: THE MOST POPULAR PLACE TO EMMIGRATE, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, AND BETTER SCHOOLS, EDUCATION, AND SYSTEMS. CALIFORNIA IS THE MOST POPULAR PLACE TO EMMIGRATE BECAUSE IT HAS A GREAT WEATHER, THERE ARE TOO MANY TOURISTIC ATRACTIONS, MANY DIFFERENT PLACES YOU CAN GO TO, AND THERE IS TOO MANY PEOPLE THAT COME FROM THE SAME PLACE YOU CAME FROM. I WANT TO USE MEXICAN PEOPLE AS AN EXAMPLE, THEY ALL COME FOR ONE REASON, SUCCED. THEY ALSO KNOW THEY WILL FIND A LOT OF PEOPLE FROM MEXICO IN CALIFORNIA, SPECIALLY IN LOS ANGELES.THEY ALSO KOWN THAT PROBABLY ABOUT HALF OF THE PEOPLE CALIFORNIA WOULD TALK SPANISH SO I WONT BE REALLY HARD FOR THEM TO COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS. JOB OPPORTUNITIES IS ANOTHER REALLY STRONG FACTOR THAT INDUCES PEOPLE TO COME AND LOOK FOR A BETTER LIFE. THERE ARE SO MANY JOBS IN CALIFORNIA THAT IS ALMOST A SURE THING THAT ANYONE WOULD GET A JOB, EDUCATED OR NOT EDUCATED PEOPLE, OR EVEN IF YOU ARE NOT LEGALLY ABLE TO WORK IN USA YOU WILL STILL GET A JOB. YOU CAN EASILY SUPPORT YOURSELF WITH A MINIMUN WAGE, BECAUSE YOU WILL PROBABLY GET ABOUT 45 OR 50 DOLLARDS A DAY WHEN IN PLACES LIKE MEXICO YOU WILL JUST GET FIVE DOLLARDS FOR THE WHOLE DAY AND DOING A REALLY HEAVY JOB. ALSO RELATIVELY SPEAKING, EVERYTHING IS EXPENSIVE IN MEXICO, I MEAN, HERE YOU CAN GET OR BUY WHATEVER YOU NEED FOR A LOW PRICE, AND YOU WILL STILL HAVE SOME MONEY LEFT, BUT IN MEXICO, YOU WILL NEVER HAVE ENOUGH MONEY UNLESS YOU ARE IN THE HIGH CLASS. ...

The Best IB Economics Notes and Study Guide for SL

The Best IB Economics Notes and Study Guide for SL/HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking IB Economics but feel you aren't learning enough from your class alone? Maybe you need more explanation of certain economics topics? If you need some help in your IB Economics SL/HL class, this study guide is for you. I’ve gathered all of the best free IB Economics study guides and notes into one useful article. This IB Economics study guide is organized according to the IB Economics Syllabus. How to Use TheseIB Economics Notes and Study Guide If you are looking for help with one topic, use the Command + F function on your keyboard to search this article for that topic. For instance, if you want to learn more about Markets, use Command + F to bring up the search function. Type in â€Å"Markets† and it’ll bring up all of the study materials for Markets. I separated the resources into: Quick reference: one-page summary of material if you just need a quick refresher. Longer notes: notes (generally 3-10 pages) if you need more of an in-depth explanation. How Should You Use This Article During the School Year? If there are any subjects that you feel youdon'tcompletely understand after learning them in class, use these notes to review them and fill any knowledge gaps. You should also use these notes to regulary review past topics you covered in class to be sure you don't forget earlier topics and have to cram right before the exam. To score well on the IB Economics exam, you should be studying and reviewing the topics you cover in class throughout the year. This will help you cement this information in your mind so you're not struggling for answers on test days. In addition to these notes, you should also take several practice tests. This will help you test your knowledge and get a better idea of how well you'll score on test day.FindIB Economics HL and IB Economics SL past papers, Free and Official, in our other article. Common Study Mistakes for IB Economics SL/HL It's important to avoid falling behind in IB Economics SL/HL; there's just too much material to learn easily if you get significantly behind. You need to master the topics during the school year to ace your IB Economics papers. Some common mistakes are: Avoiding topics you don’t understand in class. If you didn’t learn it in class, you need to look for help elsewhere whether through this IB Economics study guide or tutoring. Waiting to study until a week or two before the papers. There are a lot of concepts to master. A week or two is not enough time to learn them all (that is why IB Economics is taught over 1 to 2 years). Learn the topics as you’re supposed to learn them in class. Use this study guide if you need extra help. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Section 1: Microeconomics Longer notes: Basic Definitions Longer notes: PPF and PPC Longer notes: Free Market vs. Planned Economy 1.1 Competitive markets: demand and supply (some topics HL only) Quick reference: Markets Longer notes: Markets Quick reference: Demand Quick reference: Supply Quick reference: Market equilibrium Quick reference: The role of the price mechanism Quick reference: Market efficiency 1.2 Elasticity Longer notes: Elasticities Quick reference: Price elasticity of demand (PED) Quick reference: Cross price elasticity of demand (XED) Quick reference: Income elasticity of demand (YED) Quick reference: Price elasticity of supply (PES) 1.3 Government intervention (some topics HL extension, plus one topic HL only) Quick reference: Indirect taxes Quick reference: Subsidies Quick reference: Price controls 1.4 Market failure (some topics HL only) Longer notes: Market Failure Quick reference: The meaning of market failure Quick reference: Types of market failure 1.5 Theory of the firm and market structures (HL only) Longer notes: Theory of the Firm (HL) Section 2: Macroeconomics Longer notes: Measuring National Income Longer notes: Introduction to Development Longer notes: Unemployment and Inflation Longer notes: Distribution of Income 2.1 The level of overall economic activity (one topic HL extension) 2.2 Aggregate demand and aggregate supply (one topic HL only) 2.3 Macroeconomic objectives (some topics HL extension, plus one topic HL only) Longer notes: Macroeconomic Models 2.4 Fiscal policy 2.5 Monetary policy 2.6 Supply-side policies Quick reference: Evaluation of supply-side policies Longer notes: Demand-side and Supply-side policies Section 3: International Economics 3.1 International trade (one topic HL extension, plus one topic HL only) Longer notes: Reasons for trade Longer notes: Free trade and protectionism Longer notes: World Trade Organization (WTO) 3.2 Exchange rates (some topics HL extension) Longer notes: Exchange rates 3.3 The balance of payments (one topic HL extension, plus some topics HL only) Longer notes: Balance of payments Longer notes: Balance of Payment problems 3.4 Economic integration (one topic HL extension) Longer notes: Economic integration 3.5 Terms of trade (HL only) Longer notes: Terms of trade Section 4: Development Economics 4.1 Economic development 4.2 Measuring development 4.3 The role of domestic factors 4.4 The role of international trade (one topic HL extension) 4.5 The role of foreign direct investment (FDI) 4.6 The roles of foreign aid and multilateral development assistance 4.7 The role of international debt 4.8 The balance between markets and intervention Longer notes: Sources of Economic Growth and/or Development Longer notes: Consequences of Growth Longer notes: Barriers to Economic Growth Longer notes: Growth and Development Strategies Longer notes: Evaluation of Growth and Development Strategies What’s Next? Learn more about IB Economics: Want some more IB Economics study materials?Check out our guide to every IB Economics past paper available, including free and official papers. Looking for more info on what IB Economics covers?Read our complete guide to the IB Economics syllabus to learn every topic that will be covered in the course. Wondering which other IB classes you can take?Take a look at the complete list of IB courses to see what your options are. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Poverty and the Development of Adolescence Research Paper

Poverty and the Development of Adolescence - Research Paper Example The current study examines the previous research studies on four domains of adolescence development namely, physical, cognitive, social and emotional with special emphasis on household poverty. The specific objectives of the current study are to identify the concepts which are useful for measuring poverty and adolescent development and their association to investigate the impact of poverty on four domains of adolescent development. The paper is organized as follows. The first chapter presents the models, indicators and statistical concepts useful for measuring the household poverty level, adolescence development processes and the factors which influence the adolescence development. Second chapter on literature review describes the physical, cognitive, social and emotional development of the adolescents in poor families by reviewing the literature. Finally the conclusions are drawn relevant to adolescent development and poverty. Concepts The distinguished physical developmental charac teristics such as development of breasts for girls and the deepened voices and broadened shoulders for boys are probably the most prominent characteristics of the adolescent development. ... In the proceeding chapter, these domains are discussed in detail with reference to relevant research literature. Literature Review Physical Development The lower socio economic status in the family can result in impaired development and poorer health of children and increased mortality and morbidity of adults (Emerson et al., 2005). Purchasing power of the poor families is low. Limited access to foods and nutrients is a common problem faced by the third world countries. It is also well established that social support and health beliefs play an important role in physical activity level of the adolescence. These have been recorded as inadequate even among the poor youth in the USA (Debbie et al. 2008). In the US more than 25 percentage proportion of the adolescents are also overweight. More than 11 percentage proportion of the adolescents are obese which cause long term physical and mental health consequences in individuals. Wickrama et al. 2006, revealed that poverty, single parenthoo d and most of the racial minority statuses (African American, Hispanic American, and Native American racial/ethnic groups) are positively associated with obesity and overweight among adolescents in the USA. Asian American status however was found negatively correlated with these health problems. Emerson et al. 2005, used the statistics of National Statistics survey of the mental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain to study the health status of the adolescents and household income. Sample consisted of 10,438 children between the ages of 5 and 15. In the above study the physical development of the adolescents were measured in terms of nine categories namely, current

Familial Hypercholesterolemia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Familial Hypercholesterolemia - Term Paper Example The remaining cases of FH is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding for apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100), located at the short arm of chromosome 2, which reduces ligand affinity for the normal receptors. As a result, plasma concentration of LDL-C increases (Al-Allaf, et al., 2010). The more common heterozygous FH is diagnosed by an average LDL-C level of greater than 160 mg/dl for two measurements (Jacobson, 2007). It is said that 1: 500 individuals suffer from it, more than those who have homozygous cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia. Typically, serum cholesterol is at 250-450 mg/dl (6.5-11.6 mmol/L) and LDL-C is at 200-400 mg/dl (5.2-10.4 mmol/L) (Al-Allaf, et al., 2010). Early intervention only warrants lifestyle changes, while therapeutics are needed in late cases where lifestyle modifications are already ineffective (Jacobson, 2007). On the other hand, the rare homozygous FH is characterized by total serum cholesterol levels of greater than 500 mg/dl (13 mmol/L) and LDL-C levels of greater than 450 mg/dl (11.7 mmol/L). It occurs in 1: 1, 000, 000 individuals. As a result of hypercholesterolemia, xanthoma on the tendons of the distal extremities and premature development of corneal arcus exist among individuals with homozygous FH. In addition, they develop cardiovascular diseases earlier relative to those with heterozygous FH (Al-Allaf, et al., 2010). FH carriers, on the other hand, are much more difficult to detect as they present with a wide variety of signs and symptoms (Broekhuizen et al., 2010). . There is no current treatment for the genetic mutation in FH, since studies on the effectiveness of gene therapy with surgical intervention are still ongoing (Al-Allaf, et al., 2010). However, if the signs and symptoms of FH are ignored, it can lead to premature fatal cardiovascular diseases, stroke and myocardial infarction (Daskalopoulou, Doonan and Mikhailidis, 2010). It increases the risk for hastened arterial plaque development, which normally begi n in early childhood and peak during adolescence (Jacobson, 2007). It is thus important to prevent these cardiovascular changes from happening so that better physical and social outcomes can be achieved and healthcare costs are minimized (Al-Allaf, et al., 2010; Broekhuizen et al., 2010). SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Approach on patient with hypercholesterolemia A person with high lipid levels is worked-up based on the stage of the disease at which presents. Hyperlipidemia in an otherwise healthy patient without family history of early myocardial infarct, stroke or peripheral vascular disease, only warrants basic lifestyle patient education regarding proper diet, exercise, and smoking prevention. Diet diary, food frequency questionnaire, and inquiries on usual food intake during the interview can illicit points at which dietary restrictions can be focused on. Meanwhile, if family history is present, fasting lipid profile is needed to determine whether average LDL-C is greater than 160 mg/dl, in which case the target LDL-C is set at below 130 mg/dl and therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) are advised (Jacobson, 2007). Non-pharmacological management In managing patients with FH, it is important to prioritize risk factors and to intervene them in a step-wise manner. In dietary modifications, decreasing intake of sources

Capital Investment Proposal of Mineral Plc Essay - 8

Capital Investment Proposal of Mineral Plc - Essay Example The objective of this report, therefore, is to consider the soundness of the proposed capital investment from the angles of financial feasibility, country risk of Medco Republic and the foreign exchange risk in undertaking transactions in the currency of Medco Republic as against the British Pounds as the investments the commitment of substantially larger sums by the Company to be recouped over a longer period. The analysis is based on a review of the net cash flows from the project using the recognized capital budgeting evaluation methods of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), taking the weighted average cost of capital of the Company of 15% as the hurdle rate and the rate for discounting the present value of future cash flows from the project.Financial Feasibility The financial feasibility of any capital investment proposal can be judged based on the ability of the project to enhance the shareholders’ wealth by contributing positive net cash inflows from the proposed investments. Just any other domestic capital project is being evaluated, for the international investments can also be evaluated by calculating the ‘Net Present Value’ (NPV) future cash flows expected out of the project. The NPV of the project depends on the initial investment or initial cash flow, expected future cash flows and the cost of capital. Based on the comparison of the NPV of the future cash flows with the proposed capital investment the feasibility of the project can be established. While working out the NPV the effect of the factors like Sales creation (additional sales), cannibalization (loss of sales), opportunity cost, transfer pricing and fees and royalties on the future cash flows should be taken into account. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR ) is the other criterion that needs to be carefully looked into while deciding on the capital investment.In the case of the proposed capital investment proposals, the NPV and IRR from the projects have been worked out and exhibited in the Appendix. From the NPV calculations, it is observed that the project has a negative net present value which implies that the project is not acceptable.