Do-Not-Resuscitate Legal and Ethical Issues Essay

Do-Not-Resuscitate: Legal and Ethical Issues Most cultures value life and bringing persons back from the dead is a popular subject of many fictional books. However, as technology evolves and the story of Frankenstein reborn with a bolt of lighting has come true with the external or implanted defibrillators, the natural process of death slows as much of society gains the knowledge to live longer than nature intended. The Red Cross Association taught many organizations like the girl and boy scouts the methods of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and Cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR, a manual manipulation of the heart, as life saving methods for drowning, electrocution or heart attacks. First aid for laypersons to save lives as well as†¦show more content†¦Autonomy can override beneficence when life-support is withdrawn (Prozgar, 2010). In addition, when a physician takes the position of withdrawing life-supporting equipment, the principle of non-maleficence is severed. S ince helping patients die violates the physician’s virtue of duty to save lives,† distributed justice is served by releasing a room in the intensive care unit for a patient who has a higher chance of resolving their medical problems (Pozgar, G. 2010). There are so many inflict fuzzy gray areas and ideas about conflicting DNR policies that political disputes had to go to the courts to sort out the issues legally. Though ethics committees have been helpful, scores of physician-patient disagreements end up in the U.S. court system with inconsistent results. The states adopted individual â€Å"statutes regulating DNR orders and their provisions vary in analysis throughout the U.S.† (Bishop, Brothers, Perry amp; Ahmad, 2010). One ethical dilemma that is constant in emergency rooms, the intensive care unit and terminally ill persons is a futility of treatment. In the case of CPR/DNR, New York State wanted to enact a law that describes the decisive responsibilities of the patient, and the family or surrogate, and physician. â€Å"In April 2003, the New-York Attorney General asserted that the DNR law would require a physician to obtain a consent of the patient’s health care surrogate before entering a DNR order, even when the physicianShow MoreRelatedEthical and Legal Concerns for Emergency Room Physicians Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesThere are unique ethical and legal obligat ions of the Emergency Room Physician. Commonly faced issues include patient â€Å"dumping†, organ donation, and Do-Not Resuscitate orders. These issues have ethical and legal considerations for the Emergency Room Physician in regards to their responsibilities and actions. The ethical right for individuals to have access to health care already has a form of legal binding within the United States as seen in the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor ActRead MoreDo Resuscitate Status: a Legal and Ethical Challenge for Nursing1679 Words   |  7 PagesDo Resuscitate Status: A Legal and Ethical Challenge for Nursing Shawn Wolkart Senior Integrative Seminar Spring A semester, 2010 University of Saint Mary Abstract A status of do resuscitate in those critically ill patients may result in a slow code. A slow code is a situation where the nursing staff decides to do less than the standard set forth by advanced life support algorithms and the nurse practice act and allow the patient to die instead of possibly sustaining life. The legal implicationsRead MoreHow Dnr Causes an Ethical Dilemma Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: HOW DNR CAUSES AN ETHICAL DILEMMA How DNR Causes an Ethical Dilemma Deann Morgan HCA 322, Health Care Ethics and Medical Law Dr. David Cole January 22, 2010 Abstract This paper will present an argument of how the process of do not resuscitate (DNR) results in an ethical dilemma for workers in the healthcare field. In presenting the argument, thisRead MoreEthical Issues in Nursing1054 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Issue in Nursing Name: Jackson vrail Class: NR 504 Professor: Dr. Gre Date: 06/02/2012 School: CCN THE ETHICAL ISSUES IN NURSING Ethics can be defined as a moral decision of what it is, and what it ought to be. Ethical issuesRead MoreMoral And Ethical Dilemma Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pagesprofession, but also have a clear and concise approach to often ambiguous ethical challenges. This paper examines ethically uncertain situation in which the nurse is faced with a decision and action focused problems. Through the application of appropriate guidelines, including the moral and ethical principles, and the ANA code of ethics for nurses, discusses how the scenarios presented should be appropriately resolved. Complex moral issues often arise within the healthcare setting and healthcare professionalsRead MoreMedical Indicator, Patient References, Quality Of Life, Contextual Features1163 Words   |  5 Pagesthe probabilities of success is not good with the current treatment. In my opinion, the patient can’t be benefitted from the current treatment and harm can be avoided if the family agreed on the Do not resuscitate order by the physicians. â€Å"A do not resuscitate orders are physician orders not to resuscitate a patient in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest† (Pozgar, 2016). In 1974, the American Heart Association recommended that physician obtains consent from patients or their surrogate outRead MoreThe Nurse And The Physician1575 Words   |  7 Pagesapproaches to resolve ethical issues, when giving information about a â€Å"Do not resuscitate (DNR)† form to the husband of the patient in ICU (Zerwekh, 2013, p. 420). When the physician showed the husban d the DNR form, it stated that the physician pointed out what they could do for the patient. In this case, it is perceived that the physician highlighted the parts of the DNR form that would coerce the husband into signing the form, while leaving out what the hospital will no longer do for his wife onceRead MoreA Viable Fetus1455 Words   |  6 Pagesresuscitation can lead to morbidity or mortality. Whether health care providers resuscitate or not is an ethical dilemma which all health care providers and family members have to struggle with when it comes to the premature baby as small as the viable fetus. Although recommendations have been made by organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, the decision to resuscitate is complex, requiring careful consideration of multiple factors relatedRead MoreDuty of Care Unit12866 Words   |  4 Pagesy-of-care/ 12.1.2 Explain what it means to have a duty of care in own work role Read the above statement about â€Å"acts or omissions† and explain this is your own words I have a duty of care towards the people I look after in my department. I must do everything I can to keep them safe from harm. My employer also has a duty of care towards staff members, to ensure they have safe working conditions that are suitable to deliver the service. | 12.1.2 Explain how a duty of care contributes to the safeguardingRead MoreDo-Not-Resuscitate Orders in Suicide Attempts2495 Words   |  72 PagesDo-Not-Resuscitate Orders in Suicide Attempts Nursing 410 Introduction The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has published a fact sheet of statistics on suicide in the United States. In 2007, it is reported that suicide was the tenth leading cause of death. Furthermore, for every suicide committed, eleven were attempted. A total of 34,598 deaths occurred from suicide with an overall rate of 11.3 suicide deaths per 100,000 people. (NIMH, 2010). Risk factors were also noted on this

Africa †5 Free Essays

â€Å"Before the twentieth century, it would have been incorrect to speak of the Igbo as a single people† (XIX, Achebe). Although all these people lived in Igboland, there were hundreds of different variations of Igbo, resulting in cultural differences and differences in language so great, that one Igbo group could be misunderstood by another only thirty miles away (XIX). Colonialism, a disease that spread through Africa causing destruction, disarray, and fear, was also directly responsible for the overall unity of the Igbo people observed throughout the twentieth century. We will write a custom essay sample on Africa – 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although colonialism broke up the unity of villages and forced different political, social, and economic lifestyles on the groups of Igbo people, colonialism also had a direct impact in forming national unity; in forming â€Å"a common Igbo identity† (XIX). Although colonialism diminished the values each Igbo group held dear to them throughout the generations, this was necessary in the development of the identity of Igbo people as a whole as they were becoming part of a new, industrialized world. Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, showed both how destructive colonialism was and how detrimental it was to the close-knit Igbo villages. Destruction of entire clans by massacre was not out of line for white men during the beginning of colonialism, as this was the punishment of the Abame clan for killing the first white man they saw. The Umuofia and Mbanta clans knew better than to kill any white men before discovering their purposes, and reluctantly allowed the white, Christian missionaries to enter their villages. Okonkwo, a strong, important man from Umofia, was serving his seven-year exile in his motherland Mbanta when these missionaries became more profuse and active. He despised the white men and their new religion, and wanted action to be taken against them. At first, the churches were only able to attract people without a title, however, as time progressed, outcasts were attracted and women who despised their village laws, such as throwing their â€Å"abominable† twins away, also joined (101). Christianity appealed to the people who had nothing if they followed their village’s culture and beliefs. It eliminated the emotional burdens women had to face if they had twins, allowing the twins to live freely, rather than to be disposed of in a forest of death. During his exile, Okonkwo’s own son, in spite of his father, joined the missionaries in his hatred of village law, especially the fact that innocent children could be killed so easily, such as the boy Ikemafuma, taken prisoner by Umuofia and eventually killed. When Okonkwo returned to an unrecognizable Umuofia, his hatred of the white men increased. Real trouble began after a man from the Christian church unmasked one of the sacred egwugwu, an ancient god. This led to the council of chiefs from Umuofia to take action and burn the church down, leading to their imprisonment by the white District Commissioner, leader of the white law. The ex-leaders of the village were shackled at the leisure of white men. No longer did these esteemed Umuofia chiefs hold the power; they were not the â€Å"men† of the village anymore. The white men were more powerful than them, subjugating them to their religion and law. Politically, white men now ruled Umuofia, with punishment settled by the white men in command, rather than a council of chiefs. After the release of the chiefs, an assembly of men met in the village to decide what they would do in response to these latest happenings. A group of white messengers arrived at the meeting and informed everyone that the District Commissioner said the assembly was to end. Okonkwo, in his anger, killed one of the messengers, and when no one else reacted, letting the others escape, he realized there was nothing he could do. White men were breaking up his community, and no one was man enough to take action and fight. Inside â€Å"he mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia, who had so unaccountably become soft like women† and he realized his community was lost to colonialism (129). Okonkwo knew that all of his hard work for power had been for nothing. He lived in a town filled with people readily allowing their selves to be taken over by foreign men implementing their own beliefs, religion, and power, and as a result he ended his own life. In the early phases of colonialism, it is easy to see how destructive its effects were on the idea of community; the churches separated people from each other, while the colonial law stripped the village of its power. Buchi Emecheta’s, The Joys of Motherhood, not only shows how Igbo communities are broken up, like Things Fall Apart, but it also shows how Igbo groups are brought together. In the time of Nnu Ego, wealth was not determined by the amount of wives a man had or how big his farm was, as it was in pre-colonial times. Instead, wealth was measured with money, money earned from hard labor, usually serving the white men and women or working for the government. People of Igbo groups, like Nnaife, Nnu’s husband, moved from farming lands to cities to attempt to live â€Å"better† lives. Moving to these cities, many different groups of Igbo people were iving together and had to learn to get along, because as Igbo people realized, although they may speak a little different, it was extremely difficult to live in a new place without being able to relate with anyone. In Lagos, the British colony where Nnaife and Nnu lived, Yoruba people and Igbo people did not get along well, pra cticing very different beliefs and ideas. With tension from other cultures, there was no need for any tension among the subgroups of Igbos, which is why regardless if they came from west or east Igboland, they would be understanding of each other. Being friendly with people of other Igbo groups provided a sense of family in a place where family did not exist. The Igbo people met in the cities, regardless of the clan they were from, became the â€Å"brothers† and â€Å"sisters† of the newcomers, who left their real family in their homeland, far away. Igbo groups living in cities merged together, not seeing each other as different groups, which was common in their own lands, but recognizing each other as Igbo; another who understands the same language and beliefs. Although moving to cities assimilated to Western culture was beneficial to Igbo people as a whole, the idea of family was greatly diminished, especially in the eyes of women. At a young age, Nnu Ego felt being a mother was an extremely important part of her life. She felt it was her purpose to have many kids, because they would eventually take care of her and bring her happiness. However, she discovered how hard being a mother actually was in a society dominated by Western beliefs and culture. In a farming society, such as Ibuza, having more kids meant having more help around the farm and the house. In an industrial society, like that of Lagos, the more kids meant more mouths to feed, more clothes to buy, and more money spent on education. Not only did the Nnaife have to work, but Nnu also had to devote all of her energy to earning money, specifically to make sure her kids received an education to be successful. As a result, children growing up in these societies lost their sense of responsibility for their family, an important part of Igbo beliefs. With all the hard work and suffering Nnu put forth for her children, just to have food in the house, her two oldest sons she sent to college didn’t even show their thanks and send anything back to her (224). Her idea of a family and happiness coming from her children was only a dream, and Nnu died a lonely death on the side of a road. Socially, western culture viewed it to be more beneficial to achieve self-success than care for family, which eventually drove Nnu’s family apart, and led to Nnu’s death. Colonialism affected every Igbo person, whether they liked it or not. It gave women different outlooks on life, on being a mother. It stripped men of their power and manlihood. It brought a different religion, with a single god and different morals. It brought a new type of wealth, and education. Colonialism changed the ways of the Igbo forever. The groups were not all separate anymore, if you were Igbo, you were Igbo. That was all that mattered in a society run by Europeans, filled with people of many cultures for different reasons. Colonialism took away unity, but it created a new kind of unity. Colonialism not only introduced it’s economics, politics, and lifestyle; it also gave Igbo a reason to come together, which is important in an ever-changing society. For a culture that took generations to build, it is surprising that within a matter of a century, the distinguished characteristics of each Igbo clan were diminished, as each clan assimilated into the Western way of living (XLVIII, Achebe). However, in the larger scheme of things, maybe the Igbo knew they were placed in a war they could never win, unless they gave in to their opponent; unless they gave in to change. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. South Africa: Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann Educational, 1996. Print. Emecheta, Buchi. The Joys of Motherhood. New York, New York: George Braziller, Inc. , 1979. Print. How to cite Africa – 5, Essay examples

Rhododendron Essay Example For Students

Rhododendron Essay RhododendronThe plant rhododendron belongs to the familyEricaceae which also includes the Heath, and there areabout eight-hundred fifty species which grow worldwide(Turner and Szczawinski, 171-2). The Heath family is alarge one with so many species, all of the poisonousspecies fall into two of its subfamilies, one of which isthe rhododendron. These cultivated plants occur naturally in temperateregions of the northern hemisphere and in the mountains ofSoutheast Asia. They are located in the Himalayas withseven-hundred species, southwest China, Burma, and in NewGuinea with over three-hundred species (Turner andszczawinski, 172). It has been popular as ornaments ingardens and has led to a major horticultural industry withits widely uses in landscaping. There are twenty-seven species native to NorthAmerica, (Turner,172) and is the state plant ofWashington. This specific plant is called R. macrophyllumor the Pacific rhododendron (Pojar and Mackinnon, 61). Itforms a shrub layer in forests ranging from shoreline pinegroves to stands of Douglas-fir and western Hemlock up inthe mountains. Usually they are located everywhere fromhomes to freeway sides and also in the forests. The rhododendron shows a great variety in size,habit, and flower color, colors from white to pink,dark-purple, yellow, red, and orange (McKenzi,1). Theyrange from small shrubs to small trees with evergreenleaves that are leathery. The leaves are short stalked,simple, and alternate, and the flowers are large,bell-shaped, and born in dense clusters. They are bestgrown on acidous soil with a ph of 4.5 and 6.5, includedwith lots of moisture and organic material (McKenzie, 3). The leaves, flowers, pollen, and nectar of manyrhododendron species contain several toxins (Kingsbury,50). These toxins are called grayanotoxins orandromedotoxin, a resinoid carbohydrate (Kingsbury, 51). It is prevalent in the flower nectar, and has causedpoisoning of bees and the honey produced. The symptomsare similar to both humans and all animals. The humancases are that in which children chew the leaves and getthe poison in their system, or when people drink tea madefrom the honey and plant (Abrahams, 2). It has beenreported that animals clip the leaves for boredom or whenthey get hungry, as food is short (U.S food and drugadmin., 3). The rhododendron is a beautiful plant which liesoutside homes for decorations. People should become moreaware of its toxicity and should take precautions whenhandling them. GrayanotoxinThe plant rhododendron contains several toxins calledgrayanotoxins. Other well known but former names arerhodotoxin, andromedotoxin, and acetylandrome (U.S. foodand drug admin., 1). They are included in almost all ofthe species rhododendron. The name of the disease is honey intoxication, whichis caused by the consumption of honey produced (Abrahams1). The grayanotoxins cause this intoxication, and thespecific toxins vary with the plant species. Other namesassociated with this disease is rhododendron poisoning,mad hone intoxication or grayanotoxin poisoning. (U.S foodand drug admin., 1)The poisoning results from the ingestion ofgrayanotoxin contaminated honey. The other ways that itcan get into your system is if you consume plant parts. Every part of the plant is poisonous, the flowers, nectar,honey, and especially the leaves, which contain more. In humans, symptoms of poisoning occur six hoursafter a dose. These symptoms include salivation,vomiting, very low blood pressure, loss of coordination,muscular weakness, slow and irregular heartbeat, andcomas, followed by death in extreme cases. (U.S. FDA,2) All organisms such as animals and humans are affectedin the same way. The treatments are to induce vomiting,or perform gastric lavage, replace fluids and maintainelectrolyte balance, monitor heart beat, blood pressureand breathing. Even though the cases reported have been rare, peoplestill should become aware of this toxin. House pets eatthe plants, children do also, so they should be taught tostay away from these plants. .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a , .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a .postImageUrl , .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a , .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a:hover , .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a:visited , .u 87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a:active { border:0!important; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a:active , .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87ad420df649491eba4b8179f227c47a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } RE AD: Personal Identity: Philosophical Views Essay

Moses A Leader Essays - Book Of Exodus, Moses,

Moses A Leader Throughout history there have been many individuals who could be considered leaders, but some stand out among the others. An example of a superb leader is Moses in the Bible. Moses is viewed as a righteous man in God''s eyes and is chosen to lead the Hebrews out of oppression in Egypt. Contained in the story of Exodus are many examples of Moses' sacrifices and the hardships he endured while freeing the Hebrews. The faith of Moses was tested numerous times throughout the story, and, in some instances, it seemed that Moses had lost faith, however, being the "righteous" man that he was, he stuck it out until the end. When compared to Noah and Abraham, Moses is a "pillar of faith" for surviving his tests and for being the perfect tool for God''s plans. In the Old Testament stories, God seems to want his earth to be peaceful and without sin and when he sees that the world is corrupt, he decides to conduct a purge. In the first two books of the Bible, there are two distinct covenants made, one with Noah and the other many generations later with Abraham. God talked to Noah and he was chosen to be the father of a renewed civilization after an enormous purge would wipe out the evil in the world. Noah had to undergo many trials and tribulations. He had to experience embarrassment and ridicule because of the nature of God's requests. His neighbors and friends thought he was nuts because it is not every day that a man constructs a huge boat made of gopher wood and claims that a flood will come to rid the world of evil. After Noah obeyed all Gods commands, he was rewarded. Noah became like Adam, in that he would be responsible for starting life on earth over. Noah was rewarded because of his faith in God and his ability to obey. God's covenant with Noah laid the groundwork for his promise to Abraham many generations down the road. Here God''s bidding was not exactly the same, but, in essence, it demanded the same degree of commitment and dedication from Abraham. Abraham was old and his wife Sarah was barren. God promised Abraham that he would be the father of a great nation. Given Sarah's condition, Abraham had many inquiries and doubts about the feasibility of this, yet he had faith. God asked of Abraham that he give up all he knew, and all he had to wander in the desert in search of this nation, which God promised. Abraham also endured many hard times. He wandered in the desert for years on blind faith, and, when he finally got to where he was going, he was asked by God to sacrifice his most prized possession, his son Isaac. When God observed the faith and obedience of Abraham, he spared Isaac and allowed Abraham's nation to flourish. The Old Testament, model of a great patriarch, is one who possesses faith coupled with voluntary obedience to God's wishes and gratitude. These things combine to make up God's standard of moral goodness. If the person obeys God's laws and meets His standards, happiness may be attained by the individual. The ultimate model of a great patriarch is Moses. The second book of The Bible, the book of Exodus, begins with the Egyptian's decision to oppress the Hebrews who lived in the land of Egypt for 400 years. (The descendants of Joseph and his brothers) Although Moses was born a Hebrew, Moses grew up in the Pharaoh's court and the Hebrews were jealous of him. The Egyptians didn't trust him as well. This is one of the main reasons why Moses was such a great leader. He didn't really have any strong ties to either the Hebrews of the Egyptians. This is why he can be harsh and use force to make the people understand what God wants. He has the guts to order his own people to their death for freedom. Moses was willing to risk his life for his people and one day Moses saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew in the work-yard, and hastily killed the Egyptian with his bare hands. He then fled from Egypt to Midian, and found a wife with whom he had a son. Yet, Moses knew he would not settle down until he returned to Egypt to fulfill A God''s prophecy. Important to Moses' development into a great leader was the time he was tending his father-in-law''s flock up on